四大發(fā)明：the four great inventions

印刷術(shù)/活字印刷術(shù)：printing/movable-type printing

造紙術(shù)：paper-making

指南針：compass

火藥：gunpowder

絲綢之路：the Silk Road

瓷器/*陶器：china/pottery

硬幣/紙幣：coins/paper bills

對(duì)外貿(mào)易/海外貿(mào)易/*海上貿(mào)易：foreign trade/overseas trade/maritime commerce

古代文明：ancient civilization

文化交流：cultural exchange

文化沖突：cultural shock/cultural conflict

文化產(chǎn)業(yè)：cultural industry

文化遺產(chǎn)：cultural heritage

鄉(xiāng)村文化：rural culture

民族文化：national culture

民間藝術(shù)：folk art

表演藝術(shù)：performing art

特征：feature/characteristic

祖先：ancestor

哲學(xué)家：philosopher

中國(guó)文學(xué)：Chinese literature

中外學(xué)者：Chinese and overseas scholars

巨著：great works

顯著成就：remarkable achievements

神話/傳說：myth/legend

陽歷/陰歷：solar calendar/lunar calendar

金/木/水/火/土：metal/wood/water/fire/earth

工藝/手工藝品：craft/ handicraft

唐朝：Tang Dynasty

始于...年/持續(xù)...時(shí)間/滅亡：begin in/last for/collapse

統(tǒng)治/統(tǒng)治者：govern (v.) rule (v)/ruler (n.)

在...統(tǒng)治下：during the reign of ...

權(quán)力/權(quán)威：power/authority

戲劇/京劇/劇院：drama/Peking Opera/theater

詩人/政客：poet/politician

少數(shù)民族：ethnic minority

社會(huì)地位：social status

起源于：originate in/from …

（在一個(gè)地方起源用in，從一個(gè)地方起源用from）

追溯到: be traced back to …/trace … back to…

發(fā)源地：birthplace

古代：ancient times

現(xiàn)代：modern times

獨(dú)特元素：a unique element

組成（選一背誦即可）：

A constitute B/A comprise B/A make up B （A組成B）

B consist of A/B is composed of A （B由A組成）

【常見錯(cuò)誤：切忌不要用comprise of】

工業(yè)革命：industrial revolution

代表：represent/stand for

象征：symbolize (v.) /symbolic (adj.) /symbol (n.)

繁榮：prosperous (adj.) / prosperity (n.) /flourish (v.)

國(guó)寶：national treasure

*腐?。篶orruption

*擴(kuò)大領(lǐng)土：extend the territory/domain

*奪取政權(quán)：seize the power

*才子佳人：gifted scholars and beautiful ladies

*下棋飲茶：play chess and drink tea

*耕耘收割：sow and reap

*織布縫衣：weave and sew

*湖上打漁：fish on the lake

*砍柴采藥：cut firewood and gather herbs

*吟詩作畫：compose poems and paint pictures

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